NKAIN3 encodes a sodium/potassium transporting ATPase interacting protein with roles in regulating sodium ion transport. The gene has been identified as a candidate locus associated with neurological and cognitive functions. In genome-wide association studies of tropical indigenous populations, NKAIN3 showed evidence of shared adaptive selection at identical loci, suggesting convergent evolution for neurological functions across geographically distinct populations 1. NKAIN3 variants demonstrated suggestive genome-wide associations with rapid automatized naming of letters, a cognitive predictor of developmental dyslexia, implicating the gene in reading-related skills 2. Additionally, intronic variants in NKAIN3 showed suggestive associations in a genome-wide association study of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment response in major depressive disorder patients, though no variants reached genome-wide significance 3. These findings collectively suggest NKAIN3 participates in neurological processes relevant to cognitive development and psychiatric treatment response. However, the specific molecular mechanisms by which NKAIN3 influences these phenotypes remain unclear and warrant further investigation.