NOM1 (nucleolar protein with MIF4G domain 1) is a conserved nucleolar protein that plays critical roles in ribosome biogenesis and cellular growth. As a novel eIF4G-like protein, NOM1 interacts with the DEAD-box helicase eIF4AIII to facilitate pre-rRNA processing and ribosomal small subunit biogenesis 1. NOM1's primary function involves targeting protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) to the nucleolus through its RVXF motif and nucleolar localization sequence, establishing NOM1 as the first identified eukaryotic PP1 nucleolar targeting subunit 2. During pancreatic development, NOM1 regulates ribosome biogenesis to control progenitor cell proliferation through a p53-independent mechanism, with PP1α nucleolar targeting critical for this process 3. Beyond nucleolar functions, NOM1 also interacts with nuclear insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R), displaying bi-directional regulation where NOM1 silencing enhances IGF1R biosynthesis 4. Clinically, NOM1 is located at chromosome 7, a region involved in pediatric acute myeloid leukemia translocations t(7;12), though NOM1 itself appears as a fusion partner rather than the primary leukemogenic driver 56. Pharmacogenomic studies correlate NOM1 variants with differential drug responses in cancer cell lines 7, suggesting potential therapeutic relevance.