NR2C1 (nuclear receptor subfamily 2 group C member 1), also known as testicular receptor 2 (TR2), is an orphan nuclear receptor that functions primarily as a transcriptional regulator through sequence-specific DNA binding to hormone response elements 1. NR2C1 operates as both a repressor and activator of gene transcription, binding direct repeat sequences in a stage-specific manner 2. Mechanistically, NR2C1 recruits transcriptional corepressors or coactivators to modulate developmental stage-specific gene regulation 2, and interacts with NR2C2 to form the DRED complex regulating globin transcription. NR2C1 is critical for stem cell biology, with roles in pluripotentiality and differentiation 3. During development, NR2C1 is associated with stem cell populations in the olfactory epithelium, neuroepithelial structures, and craniofacial tissues 4. In disease contexts, NR2C1 promotes cancer progression through multiple pathways: in pancreatic cancer, miR-492-activated NR2C1 drives epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the TGF-β/Smad3 pathway 5, while in breast cancer metastases, NR2C1 acts as a shared regulon in multiple epithelial cell subtypes 6. Additionally, NR2C1/NR2C2 regulate DDX41 expression, controlling ribosome biogenesis and protein synthesis in liver cancer 7. These findings establish NR2C1 as a multifunctional transcriptional regulator with significant roles in development and oncogenic signaling.