NUDT1 (nudix hydrolase 1) functions as a critical sanitizer of the oxidized nucleotide pool, catalyzing hydrolysis of oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphates including 8-oxo-dGTP, 8-oxo-dATP, and 2-oxo-ATP 12. By hydrolyzing these mutagenic precursors to monophosphates, NUDT1 prevents their incorporation into DNA and protects against transversion mutations (A:T to C:G and G:C to T:A) 12. The enzyme also metabolizes methylated purine nucleoside triphosphates, providing broad antimutagenic protection against oxidative stress 34. In disease contexts, NUDT1 is frequently upregulated in multiple cancer types and serves as a prognostic marker. In colorectal cancer, 79% of tumors exhibit higher MTH1 activity than adjacent non-cancerous tissue, with elevated activity correlating with worse disease-free survival 5. NUDT1 overexpression promotes lung adenocarcinoma proliferation through mTOR-independent pathways, and miR-145-mediated NUDT1 downregulation inhibits cancer cell growth 6. Recent evidence identifies NUDT1 as a MYC-driven metabolic dependency; NUDT1 inhibition creates a therapeutic vulnerability in MYC-driven cancers by causing excessive nucleotide oxidation and cytotoxicity 7. Conversely, in ulcerative colitis, elevated NUDT1 aggravates intestinal barrier injury through oxidative stress, and NUDT1 inhibition reduces inflammation and preserves mucosal function 8.