OASL (2'-5'-oligoadenylate synthetase like) is an interferon-stimulated gene that functions as a multifaceted immune regulator without possessing classical 2'-5'-OAS enzymatic activity. OASL demonstrates broad antiviral activity against multiple viruses including hepatitis C virus, encephalomyocarditis virus, and various RNA viruses through mechanisms independent of RNase L 1. The protein exhibits dual regulatory functions in innate immunity: it enhances antiviral responses by promoting RIG-I signaling and facilitating RIPK3-mediated necroptosis through liquid-liquid phase separation, which scaffolds necrosome assembly and promotes amyloid-like RIPK3 fibrillation 2. Conversely, OASL can inhibit cytosolic DNA sensing pathways and has complex roles in bacterial infections, potentially promoting pathogen survival by inhibiting autophagy 3. Beyond immune functions, OASL regulates cellular metabolism by enhancing mRNA translation, particularly of fatty acid synthesis genes, through ribosome interactions, thereby promoting cancer progression 4. In pancreatic cancer, OASL facilitates immune evasion by promoting autophagy-mediated degradation of MHC class I molecules, reducing CD8+ T cell infiltration 5. OASL also inhibits LINE-1 retrotransposition by impairing ORF1p cytoplasmic foci formation and reducing L1 RNA levels 6. This multifunctional protein represents a critical node in balancing antiviral immunity, cellular metabolism, and cancer biology.