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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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ORM2
orosomucoid 2
Chromosome 9 · 9q32
NCBI Gene: 5005Ensembl: ENSG00000228278.6HGNC: HGNC:8499UniProt: P19652
57PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Transporter
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingpositive regulation of interleukin-1 beta productionpositive regulation of interleukin-1 productionpositive regulation of tumor necrosis factor productioncomplicationhemorrhageneoplasmhepatocellular carcinoma
✦AI Summary

ORM2 (orosomucoid 2) is an acute-phase protein with multifaceted roles in metabolic, inflammatory, and immune regulation. As a hepatokine, ORM2 is induced by intermittent fasting through PPARα signaling and promotes adipose tissue browning via GP130/IL23R-p38 MAPK activation, leading to weight loss in obese mice 1. An obesity-associated ORM2 variant (D178E) shows impaired GP130/IL23R binding and reduced browning capacity, highlighting its therapeutic potential 1. ORM2 functions as an acute-phase reactant with context-dependent inflammatory effects. In rheumatoid arthritis, ORM2 is produced locally by synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes, promoting proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, CCL2) via NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways through glycophorin C receptor engagement 2. Conversely, astrocyte-derived ORM2 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing microglial activation and reducing neuroinflammation-associated cognitive deficits 3. In liver injury, cholangiocyte-derived ORM2 reprograms liver macrophages through an IP3R2-dependent calcium pathway, exacerbating ductular reactions and fibrosis 4. ORM2 also regulates lipid metabolism; TRIM24-mediated ORM2 upregulation alleviates hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea models 5. Additionally, elevated plasma ORM2 serves as a biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis 6 and shows promise in monitoring liver diseases and fibrosis 7.

Sources cited
1
As a hepatokine, ORM2 is induced by intermittent fasting through PPARα signaling and promotes adipose tissue browning via GP130/IL23R-p38 MAPK activation, leading to weight loss in obese mice .
PMID: 39248328
2
In rheumatoid arthritis, ORM2 is produced locally by synovial macrophages and fibroblast-like synoviocytes, promoting proinflammatory cytokine production (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-8, CCL2) via NF-κB and p38 MAPK pathways through glycophorin C receptor engagement .
PMID: 38556552
3
Conversely, astrocyte-derived ORM2 exerts anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing microglial activation and reducing neuroinflammation-associated cognitive deficits .
PMID: 28193696
4
In liver injury, cholangiocyte-derived ORM2 reprograms liver macrophages through an IP3R2-dependent calcium pathway, exacerbating ductular reactions and fibrosis .
PMID: 40199572
5
ORM2 also regulates lipid metabolism; TRIM24-mediated ORM2 upregulation alleviates hepatic steatosis and metabolic dysfunction in obstructive sleep apnea models .
PMID: 39168366
6
Additionally, elevated plasma ORM2 serves as a biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and shows promise in monitoring liver diseases and fibrosis .
PMID: 36198834
7
Additionally, elevated plasma ORM2 serves as a biomarker for prostate cancer diagnosis and shows promise in monitoring liver diseases and fibrosis .
PMID: 34963738
Disease Associationsⓘ20
complicationOpen Targets
0.32Weak
hemorrhageOpen Targets
0.32Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
rheumatoid arthritisOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
liver cancerOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
liver and intrahepatic bile duct neoplasmOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Neoplasm of the liverOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
nephrotic syndromeOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
Hyperlipoproteinemia type 1Open Targets
0.07Suggestive
glycogen storage disease VIOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
hypertriglyceridemia 2Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
nephronophthisisOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis due to citrin deficiencyOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
transient infantile hypertriglyceridemia and hepatosteatosisOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
congenital disorder of glycosylation type IIOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
familial apolipoprotein C-II deficiencyOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
proteasome-associated autoinflammatory syndrome 5Open Targets
0.06Suggestive
obesityOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
AZGP1Protein interaction100%TTRProtein interaction99%C3Protein interaction96%SERPINA1Protein interaction93%ORMDL3Protein interaction89%ORMDL1Protein interaction87%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Bone Marrow
0%
Lung
0%
Brain
0%
Ovary
0%
Heart
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
ORM2AZGP1TTRC3SERPINA1ORMDL3ORMDL1
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB7OUB · 1.82 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.06LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.72 [0.49–1.06]
RankingsWhere ORM2 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #7,996of 20,598
    Most Researched57
  • #10,691of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.06
Genes detectedORM2
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Intermittent Fasting-Induced Orm2 Promotes Adipose Browning via the GP130/IL23R-p38 Cascade.
PMID: 39248328
Adv Sci (Weinh) · 2024
1.00
2
Reactive cholangiocyte-derived ORM2 drives a pathogenic modulation of the injured biliary niche through macrophage reprogramming.
PMID: 40199572
Gut · 2025
0.90
3
Orosomucoid in liver diseases.
PMID: 34963738
World J Gastroenterol · 2021
0.80
4
The acute phase reactant orosomucoid-2 directly promotes rheumatoid inflammation.
PMID: 38556552
Exp Mol Med · 2024
0.70
5
TRIM24 Up-Regulates ORM2 to Alleviate Abnormal Lipid Metabolism, Inflammation, and Oxidative Stress in Mice with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.
PMID: 39168366
Am J Pathol · 2024
0.60