OSGIN1 is a monooxygenase with dual functions in cellular stress response and cytokinesis regulation. Mechanistically, OSGIN1 catalyzes monooxygenase activity to stabilize intercellular bridges during late cytokinesis and promotes RHOA activity at the midbody, facilitating abscission 1. OSGIN1 regulates differentiation and proliferation through modulation of cell death pathways 23. In disease contexts, OSGIN1 exhibits context-dependent roles. In ferroptosis resistance, OSGIN1 directly enhances GCLM activity to promote glutathione production, mitigating oxidative stress in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma 4. OSGIN1 acts downstream of NRF2 signaling in response to oxidative stress, with upregulation observed in cigarette smoke-induced endothelial detachment 5 and cystine-mediated triple-negative breast cancer survival 6. Conversely, OSGIN1 functions as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer, where docosahexaenoic acid induces OSGIN1 expression through PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 signaling to promote apoptosis 7. OSGIN1 also serves as a FXR target gene protecting against cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury 8 and pancreatitis via autophagy restoration 9. Clinically, OSGIN1 expression correlates with prognosis in multiple cancers and appears dysregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma 10, positioning it as both a therapeutic target and potential biomarker.