OVCA2 is a serine hydrolase localized to the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondria that catalyzes ester hydrolysis with high specificity for long-chain alkyl substrates (>8-10 carbons) 1. The enzyme contains a canonical Ser117-His206-Asp179 catalytic triad and exhibits strict substrate selectivity, preferring extended straight-chain esters over short, branched, or substituted variants 1. Biologically, OVCA2 functions as a tumor suppressor candidate. Its expression is downregulated in ovarian, breast, and lung tumors 2, and it is degraded during retinoid-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells 3. OVCA2 promotes apoptosis through ROS generation and mitochondrial dysfunction when expressed ectopically 4. Additionally, OVCA2 appears involved in acetaldehyde tolerance and DNA repair, as OVCA2 disruption increases cellular acetaldehyde sensitivity and accumulation of DNA adducts 5. Clinically, elevated OVCA2 expression associates with poor prognosis in multiple myeloma 6 and predicts resistance to immunotherapy in melanoma, where it features negatively in spatially-defined tumor cell signatures 7. These findings suggest OVCA2's role extends from metabolic lipid hydrolysis to cancer progression and treatment response.