P2RX6 is a purinergic ATP receptor that functions primarily as a modulatory subunit rather than an independent channel. Unlike other P2X receptor family members, P2RX6 cannot form functional homotrimers and requires heterodimerization with P2RX4 or P2RX2 to reach the plasma membrane and establish functional heterotrimeric receptors 1. Beyond membrane localization, P2RX6 translocates to the nucleus where it regulates post-transcriptional modifications in neurons. In renal cell carcinoma, the ATP-P2RX6 axis activates Ca²⁺-mediated p-ERK1/2/MMP9 signaling to promote cell migration and invasion, contributing to metastasis 2. P2RX6 expression decreases with age in subcutaneous adipose tissue and responds to thyroid hormone signaling, suggesting involvement in age-related metabolic dysfunction and mitochondrial changes 3. At the genetic level, P2RX6 methylation serves as a biomarker in epigenetic aging models, with methylation levels changing significantly across the lifespan 4. In schizophrenia, P2RX6 emerged as part of neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways through machine learning analysis of brain transcriptomics 5. Additionally, P2RX6 is implicated in reward circuitry and substance dependence susceptibility 6, and its expression in adipocytes is differentially regulated by anti-obesity hormones including thyroid hormone and irisin 7.