PAPOLG (poly(A) polymerase gamma) is a nuclear enzyme responsible for post-transcriptional adenylation of mRNA precursors and various small RNAs including signal recognition particle RNA, nuclear 7SK RNA, U2 small nuclear RNA, and ribosomal 5S RNA 1. The protein functions as part of RNA quality control mechanisms, working redundantly with TENT2 and PAPOLA to adenylate longer unadenylated transcripts that arise from premature transcription termination 1. These adenylated transcripts are subsequently degraded via the nuclear Poly(A) tail eXosome Targeting (PAXT) pathway or exported for cytoplasmic degradation 1. PAPOLG also plays a role in inflammatory responses by stabilizing NF-κB mRNA through polyadenylation, which enhances TNF-α and IL-6 expression during SARS-CoV-2 infection 2. Clinically, PAPOLG deletions are associated with 2p15p16.1 microdeletion syndrome, characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, autism spectrum disorders, and speech disorders 345. Additionally, genetic variants near PAPOLG show associations with acute lymphoblastic leukemia susceptibility 6 and influence metabolic responses to dietary interventions 7. The gene's involvement in hepatocellular carcinoma progression through ceRNA networks has also been reported 8.