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25 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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PGAM1
phosphoglycerate mutase 1
Chromosome 10 · 10q24.1
NCBI Gene: 5223Ensembl: ENSG00000171314.10HGNC: HGNC:8888UniProt: B7Z9E5
168PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
RESEARCH IMPACT
Trending
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
cytosolprotein bindingcytoplasmmembraneneoplasmhepatocellular carcinomacancerbreast cancer
✦AI Summary

PGAM1 (phosphoglycerate mutase 1) is a key glycolytic enzyme that catalyzes the interconversion of 2-phosphoglycerate and 3-phosphoglycerate, representing a crucial metabolic node in cancer cells 1. The enzyme's activity is regulated through multiple post-translational modifications: PKM2 functions as a histidine kinase to phosphorylate PGAM1 at H11 in a PEP-dependent manner, which is essential for enzymatic activity 1. Additionally, Src-mediated phosphorylation at Y119 facilitates PKM2 binding and subsequent H11 phosphorylation 1. HAT1 catalyzes PGAM1 succinylation at K99, further enhancing its enzymatic activity and stimulating glycolytic flux 2. PGAM1 can also utilize fructose-1,6-bisphosphate as a phosphate donor, creating an intrapathway feedback mechanism for glycolysis 3. In cancer, PGAM1 is highly expressed and associated with poor prognosis 4. Its inhibition promotes hepatocellular carcinoma ferroptosis through downregulation of LCN2 and PD-L1, enhancing anti-PD-1 immunotherapy efficacy 4. PGAM1 is also secreted via exosomes in prostate cancer, where it interacts with ACTG1 to promote angiogenesis and metastasis 5. These findings establish PGAM1 as a critical metabolic regulator and potential therapeutic target in cancer.

Sources cited
1
PKM2 functions as histidine kinase to phosphorylate PGAM1 H11 for enzymatic activity, and Src phosphorylates Y119 to facilitate PKM2 binding
PMID: 38750259
2
HAT1 catalyzes PGAM1 succinylation at K99, increasing enzymatic activity and glycolytic flux in cancer cells
PMID: 33372411
3
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate acts as phosphate donor to activate PGAM1 through histidine phosphorylation
PMID: 39414782
4
PGAM1 is highly expressed in HCC with poor prognosis, and its inhibition promotes ferroptosis and enhances anti-PD-1 therapy
PMID: 37705495
5
Exosomal PGAM1 interacts with ACTG1 to promote angiogenesis and metastasis in prostate cancer
PMID: 37542027
Disease Associationsⓘ20
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.11Weak
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.10Weak
cancerOpen Targets
0.10Weak
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
posterior cortical atrophyOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
non-small cell lung carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
ovarian cancerOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
oral squamous cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
astrocytomaOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
gliomaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
osteosarcomaOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
ovarian neoplasmOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
liver cancerOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
nonpapillary renal cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
lung cancerOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
ischemiaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
prostate cancerOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
bipolar disorderOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
TALDO1Protein interaction99%ENO3Protein interaction99%BPGMProtein interaction99%G6PDProtein interaction99%LDHAProtein interaction99%TKTProtein interaction98%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Liver
66%
Lung
53%
Ovary
48%
Heart
18%
Bone Marrow
11%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
PGAM1TALDO1ENO3BPGMG6PDLDHATKT
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB7XB9 · 1.58 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.34LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.92 [0.65–1.34]
RankingsWhere PGAM1 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #2,652of 20,598
    Most Researched168 · top quartile
  • #14,056of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.34
Genes detectedPGAM1
Sources retrieved25 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
25▼
1
Metabolic dysregulation and emerging therapeutical targets for hepatocellular carcinoma.
PMID: 35256934
Acta Pharm Sin B · 2022
1.00
2
PGAM1 Inhibition Promotes HCC Ferroptosis and Synergizes with Anti-PD-1 Immunotherapy.
PMID: 37705495
Adv Sci (Weinh) · 2023
0.90
3
Exosomal PGAM1 promotes prostate cancer angiogenesis and metastasis by interacting with ACTG1.
PMID: 37542027
Cell Death Dis · 2023
0.80
4
The diapause-like colorectal cancer cells induced by SMC4 attenuation are characterized by low proliferation and chemotherapy insensitivity.
PMID: 37543034
Cell Metab · 2023
0.70
5
PKM2 functions as a histidine kinase to phosphorylate PGAM1 and increase glycolysis shunts in cancer.
PMID: 38750259
EMBO J · 2024
0.60