PGLYRP3 is a pattern recognition receptor that binds peptidoglycans of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, functioning as a bactericidal innate immunity protein 1. It exerts direct antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria and bacteriostatic effects against Gram-negative bacteria, likely by interfering with peptidoglycan biosynthesis 1. PGLYRP3 is secreted and expressed on body surfaces, mucous membranes, and secretions, with particularly strong expression in the digestive tract 2. Mechanistically, PGLYRP3 maintains gut homeostasis by sustaining normal microbiota composition and protecting intestinal epithelial integrity 3. Its expression is regulated by PPARγ through direct promoter binding, linking nutritional and immune responses 4. PGLYRP3 suppresses pro-inflammatory signaling via NF-κB pathway inhibition 5. Clinically, PGLYRP3 deficiency predisposes to inflammatory bowel disease; combined PGLYRP3/Nod2 deficiency exhibits synergistic susceptibility to colitis 3. PGLYRP3 genetic variants show association with psoriasis in family-based analyses, suggesting roles in skin immune responses 6. PGLYRP3 levels are candidates for modulation in treating colitis through dietary interventions or probiotic supplementation with bifidobacteria 57.