PLA2G7 (phospholipase A2 group VII), also known as lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2), is a calcium-independent enzyme that catalyzes phospholipid hydrolysis at the sn-2 position, with particular affinity for short-chain fatty acyl groups and oxidized phospholipids 1. Its primary physiological function involves inactivating platelet-activating factor (PAF), a potent pro-inflammatory lipid mediator, and metabolizing oxidized phospholipids to prevent their pathological accumulation in lipoproteins 1. PLA2G7 expression is suppressed during caloric restriction in humans, and its deletion in mice reduces age-related inflammation through decreased NLRP3 inflammasome activation 1. Clinically, elevated PLA2G7 associates with multiple pathological conditions. In hepatocellular carcinoma, macrophage-specific PLA2G7 promotes immunosuppression and predicts poor immunotherapy response; PLA2G7 inhibition with darapladib enhances anti-PD-1 efficacy 2. In bladder cancer, PLA2G7 upregulates PD-L1 through the JAK-STAT pathway, facilitating immune evasion 3. PLA2G7 inhibition ameliorates silica-induced pulmonary fibrosis by restoring cardiolipin-mediated mitophagy in macrophages 4. In bone homeostasis, PLA2G7 promotes osteoclast differentiation via the Alox12/12-HETE/Gpr31 axis; its inhibition prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss 5. Genetic variants, particularly R92H, show modest associations with coronary heart disease risk 6. Overall, PLA2G7 represents a promising therapeutic target across inflammatory, autoimmune, and malignant diseases.