POU6F1 (POU class 6 homeobox 1) is a transcription factor that binds preferentially to octamer DNA motifs and regulates diverse biological processes through both transcriptional activation and repression. In the nervous system, POU6F1 promotes neuronal plasticity and regeneration. It mediates neuropeptide-dependent plasticity downstream of corticotropin-releasing hormone signaling in adult olfactory bulb neurons, where it increases dendritic complexity and synaptic connectivity 1. Following spinal cord injury, POU6F1 upregulation activates JNK/c-Jun/GAP-43/BDNF signaling in lumbar motor neurons, promoting axon regeneration, dendritic remodeling, and locomotor recovery 2. In skeletal muscle, Aurora kinase A-mediated phosphorylation of POU6F1 at Ser197 inhibits its DNA-binding ability and promotes myoblast differentiation 3. POU6F1 functions as a tumor suppressor in cancer. In lung adenocarcinoma, it cooperates with RORA to suppress HIF1A signaling and inhibit cell proliferation and invasion 4. In gastric cancer, POU6F1 directly transactivates lncRNA-CASC2 expression, promoting ferroptosis through SOCS2/SLC7A11 pathway regulation 5. In glioma, low POU6F1 expression regulated by SNORD63-mediated mRNA methylation increases blood-tumor barrier permeability 6. POU6F1 also participates in immune regulation, controlling expression of immune-related genes in uremia 7.