PPARG (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) is a nuclear receptor transcription factor with pleiotropic roles in metabolism, immunity, and differentiation. As a ligand-activated transcription factor, PPARG regulates adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity 1. Beyond metabolic functions, PPARG acts as an immunoregulatory hub: it promotes autophagy-mediated ROS clearance and inhibits macrophage polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome activation 2, while suppressing inflammatory responses in intestinal tissue where reduced PPARG expression correlates with macrophage polarization toward pro-inflammatory M1 phenotypes 3. PPARG also regulates brown adipocyte differentiation from perivascular progenitor cells 4 and trophoblast differentiation through cell-type-specific transcriptional re-wiring 1. In cancer contexts, PPARG-mediated gene regulatory networks predict immunotherapy response and influence hepatocellular carcinoma progression through HSC activation and immune suppression via MAPK signaling 56. Disease relevance includes ulcerative colitis, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pregnancy complications 32. PPARG agonists represent promising therapeutic targets, with cannabidiol and trametinib showing potential clinical applications 26.