PROX1 is a transcription factor that plays critical roles in development, tissue homeostasis, and cancer progression. During embryonic development, PROX1 regulates neurogenesis and serves as a key transcriptional regulator in hippocampal development, where it functions as a dentate gyrus marker and controls developmental trajectories of neural progenitor cells 1. In normal physiology, PROX1 is essential for lymphangiogenesis and lymphatic endothelial cell differentiation, with hypoxic conditions promoting PROX1-mediated lymphangiogenic responses 2. However, PROX1 also acts as a barrier to regenerative processes, as intercellular transfer of PROX1 from neurons to Müller glia restricts retinal regeneration in mammals 3. In cancer contexts, PROX1 exhibits oncogenic properties across multiple tumor types. In breast cancer, PROX1 promotes invasion and metastasis through WNT/β-catenin signaling via interaction with hnRNPK 4. In prostate cancer, PROX1 drives neuroendocrine plasticity and facilitates liver metastases through transcriptional reprogramming and altered lipid metabolism 567. In colorectal cancer, PROX1+ cells function as multipotent tumor stem/progenitor cells that exhibit radiation resistance through enhanced DNA damage repair mechanisms 8. These findings establish PROX1 as a context-dependent regulator with both developmental and pathological significance.