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GeneE
10 sources retrieved Β· Most recent: April 2026 Β· Index updated 14 days ago
β“˜GeneE is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
PRR12
proline rich 12
Chromosome 19 Β· 19q13.33
NCBI Gene: 57479Ensembl: ENSG00000126464.15HGNC: HGNC:29217UniProt: Q9ULL5
52PubMed Papers
21Diseases
0Drugs
74Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Highly Constrained
RESEARCH IMPACT
Variant-Rich
CLINICAL
OMIM Disease Gene
DATA QUALITY
βœ“ Experimental GO Evidenceβœ“ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingintracellular protein localizationnucleuspostsynaptic densityneuroocular syndrome 1neuroocular syndromeAbnormality of visiongenetic disorder
✦AI Summary

PRR12 (proline rich 12) functions as a regulator of cohesin complex activity and genome integrity maintenance. The protein interacts with NIPBL/MAU2 and the cohesin complex, playing a role in cohesin localization to chr19 1. Loss of PRR12 results in reduced cohesin localization and substantially increased DNA double-strand breaks, while PRR12 co-localizes with NIPBL to sites of DNA damage in a NIPBL and cohesin-dependent manner 1. PRR12 haploinsufficiency causes a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by intellectual disability, structural eye defects (including anophthalmia, microphthalmia, colobomas), hypotonia, heart defects, growth failure, and kidney anomalies 2. The gene shows high evolutionary conservation in DNA-interacting domains and exhibits distinct expression patterns during development, with enrichment in the central nervous system and retinal ganglion cell layers 3. Genome-wide association studies have identified PRR12 variants associated with sleep duration regulation 4 and immune-mediated inflammatory diseases 5. Clinical presentations range from isolated ocular abnormalities to complex multisystem disorders, with notable asymmetric or unilateral eye phenotypes 6. The protein's role in maintaining genomic stability through cohesin regulation likely underlies its diverse developmental functions.

Sources cited
1
PRR12 interacts with NIPBL/MAU2 and cohesin complex, regulates cohesin localization, and maintains genome integrity
PMID: 39742660
2
PRR12 haploinsufficiency causes neurodevelopmental disorder with eye defects, intellectual disability, and multisystem abnormalities
PMID: 33824499
3
PRR12 shows evolutionary conservation in DNA-interacting domains and specific expression patterns in nervous system development
PMID: 38674426
4
PRR12 variants are associated with sleep duration regulation in genome-wide studies
PMID: 37384397
5
PRR12 locus is associated with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases
PMID: 30573655
6
PRR12 variants cause isolated ocular abnormalities including asymmetric and unilateral eye phenotypes
PMID: 33314030
Disease Associationsβ“˜21
neuroocular syndrome 1Open Targets
0.70Moderate
neuroocular syndromeOpen Targets
0.69Moderate
Abnormality of visionOpen Targets
0.56Moderate
genetic disorderOpen Targets
0.52Moderate
autismOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
coloboma of irisOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
Delayed speech and language developmentOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
Motor delayOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
neurodegenerative diseaseOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
Intellectual disabilityOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
Global developmental delayOpen Targets
0.37Weak
Atypical behaviorOpen Targets
0.37Weak
Hodgkins lymphomaOpen Targets
0.20Weak
male reproductive organ cancerOpen Targets
0.19Weak
autism spectrum disorderOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
prostate carcinomaOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
mathematical abilityOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
mood disorderOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
skin agingOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
hypothyroidismOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
Neuroocular syndrome 1UniProt
Pathogenic Variants74
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.3505C>T (p.Arg1169Trp)Likely pathogenic
not provided|Neuroocular syndrome 1|Neuroocular syndrome
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2024β†’ Residue 1169
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.1918G>T (p.Glu640Ter)Pathogenic
Autism;Iris coloboma;Delayed speech and language development;Motor delay;Abnormality of vision|Neuroocular syndrome|Neuroocular syndrome 1
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2023β†’ Residue 640
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.903_909dup (p.Pro304fs)Pathogenic
Autism;Iris coloboma;Delayed speech and language development;Motor delay;Abnormality of vision|Neuroocular syndrome
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2023β†’ Residue 304
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.3273del (p.Lys1092fs)Pathogenic
not provided|Neuroocular syndrome|Neuroocular syndrome 1
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2022β†’ Residue 1092
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.3958C>T (p.Arg1320Ter)Pathogenic
Neuroocular syndrome|not provided
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2022β†’ Residue 1320
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.790C>T (p.Gln264Ter)Pathogenic
not provided|Neuroocular syndrome
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2022β†’ Residue 264
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.2755C>T (p.Gln919Ter)Pathogenic
not provided|Neuroocular syndrome
β˜…β˜…β˜†β˜†2022β†’ Residue 919
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.2028dup (p.Ser677fs)Pathogenic
Neuroocular syndrome 1
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2026β†’ Residue 677
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.3012_3013del (p.Glu1004fs)Pathogenic
Neuroocular syndrome 1
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2026β†’ Residue 1004
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.4344del (p.Glu1449fs)Pathogenic
Neuroocular syndrome 1
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 1449
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.3635_3636dup (p.Glu1213fs)Pathogenic
Inborn genetic diseases
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 1213
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.3242dup (p.Arg1082fs)Pathogenic
Neuroocular syndrome 1
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 1082
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.677dup (p.Tyr227fs)Pathogenic
complex microphthalmia|Neuroocular syndrome 1
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 227
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.2101C>T (p.Gln701Ter)Pathogenic
Inborn genetic diseases
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 701
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.5441dup (p.Pro1816fs)Pathogenic
not provided
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 1816
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.1167C>G (p.Tyr389Ter)Pathogenic
Neuroocular syndrome 1
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2025β†’ Residue 389
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.87-1G>TPathogenic
not provided
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2024
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.2824del (p.Glu942fs)Pathogenic
not provided
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2024β†’ Residue 942
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.4161del (p.Val1388fs)Pathogenic
not provided
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2024β†’ Residue 1388
NM_020719.3(PRR12):c.2398del (p.Gln800fs)Pathogenic
Inborn genetic diseases
β˜…β˜†β˜†β˜†2024β†’ Residue 800
View on ClinVar β†—
Related Genes
PHYHIPShared pathway100%AKAP10Shared pathway100%ODR4Shared pathway100%AKAIN1Shared pathway100%STK11IPShared pathway100%TNS4Shared pathway100%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Ovary
100%
Lung
64%
Brain
63%
Bone Marrow
41%
Liver
37%
Heart
32%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
PRR12PHYHIPAKAP10ODR4AKAIN1STK11IPTNS4
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
AlphaFoldAI-predicted Β· UniProt Q9ULL5
View on AlphaFold β†—
Constraintβ“˜
LOEUFβ“˜
0.18Highly Constrained
pLIβ“˜
1.00Intolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.11 [0.07–0.18]
RankingsWhere PRR12 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #8,603of 20,598
    Most Researched52
  • #999of 5,498
    Most Pathogenic Variants74 Β· top quartile
  • #343of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.18 Β· top 5%
Genes detectedPRR12
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response timeβ€”
πŸ“„ Sources
10β–Ό
1
Haploinsufficiency of PRR12 causes a spectrum of neurodevelopmental, eye, and multisystem abnormalities.
PMID: 33824499
Genet Med Β· 2021
1.00
2
Co-essentiality analysis identifies PRR12 as a cohesin interacting protein and contributor to genomic integrity.
PMID: 39742660
Dev Cell Β· 2025
0.90
3
RAD21 inhibited transcription of tumor suppressor MIR4697HG and led to glioma tumorigenesis.
PMID: 31884342
Biomed Pharmacother Β· 2020
0.80
4
Genome-wide meta-analysis reveals shared new
PMID: 30573655
Ann Rheum Dis Β· 2019
0.70
5
Splicing and frameshift variants in QSER1 may be involved in developmental phenotypes.
PMID: 41139957
HGG Adv Β· 2026
0.60