RAD51 recombinase is a central enzyme in homologous recombination (HR) that plays critical roles in DNA repair and genome stability maintenance 12. The protein binds single-stranded DNA in an ATP-dependent manner to form nucleoprotein filaments essential for homology search and strand exchange during double-strand break repair 34. RAD51 functions through multiple mechanisms: it directly recognizes and protects abasic sites to prevent replication fork breakage 2, forms ring and filament conformations on nucleosomes to access DNA breaks in chr15 4, and is facilitated by BRCA2 through both direct nucleation and diffusion-assisted delivery mechanisms 3. The RAD51B-RAD51C-RAD51D-XRCC2 complex stimulates RAD51 filament nucleation and extension, orchestrating its assembly for replication fork protection 1. Beyond double-strand break repair, RAD51 functions throughout DNA metabolism as a 'double-edged sword,' stabilizing distressed replication forks but potentially contributing to genome destabilization when misregulated 5. Clinically, RAD51 dysfunction is associated with cancer predisposition, and when overexpressed, it can contribute to chemotherapy resistance, making it an important anticancer drug target 6. The protein shows differential activation patterns in response to proton versus X-ray radiation, with implications for personalized radiation therapy 7.