RALGAPA1 encodes the catalytic subunit of the RalGAP1 complex, which functions as a GTPase-activating protein for the small GTPases RALA and RALB, negatively regulating their signaling activity 1. Loss-of-function variants in RALGAPA1 result in constitutive RALA activation and dysfunctional RalGAP complex assembly, with dramatic reduction of the scaffolding subunit RalGAPB 1. This dysregulation disrupts cell-surface lipid raft organization and anchorage-dependent signaling 1. RalGAPA1 deficiency causes profound neurodevelopmental disability characterized by intellectual disability, infantile spasms, muscular hypotonia, corpus callosum dysplasia, and feeding abnormalities, representing a distinct group of genetic syndromes termed "RALopathies" 1. The gene is highly expressed in brain tissue and critical for normal neuronal development 2. Animal models confirm that RALGAPA1 knockdown causes developmental delay 2. Additionally, RALGAPA1 regulates GLUT4 glucose transporter expression in muscle fibers, with loss-of-function variants causing glycogen storage myopathy 3. Beyond neurological disease, RALGAPA1 appears to function as a tumor suppressor gene in glioblastoma and pan-cancer contexts 4, with mutations associated with increased malignancy in lung adenocarcinoma 5. Population genetics studies identify RALGAPA1 as a specific genetic predisposing factor to elevated body mass index in East Asian populations 6.