RASGRF1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that promotes the exchange of Ras-bound GDP by GTP, thereby regulating Ras protein signal transduction 1. The protein localizes to cellular structures including the plasma membrane, cytosol, and growth cones, where it facilitates both positive and negative regulation of MAPK cascade signaling and Ras protein activation [GO annotations]. RASGRF1 plays critical roles in neuronal function, including neuron projection development, synaptic plasticity, and long-term memory formation. In disease contexts, RASGRF1 fusion events occur as rare oncogenic alterations in non-small-cell lung cancers (≤5% of cases) 1. RASGRF1 is significantly upregulated in alveolar rhabdomyosarcomas, where it promotes cell proliferation, migration, and metastatic behavior through MAPK and AKT activation in response to pro-metastatic factors 2. In thyroid cancer, elevated RASGRF1 drives malignant progression and M2 macrophage polarization through mechanisms regulated by FTO-mediated mRNA destabilization 3. RASGRF1 also mediates inflammatory activation in rheumatoid arthritis through mTORC1-dependent pathways 4. Genetically, RASGRF1 polymorphisms show strong associations with high myopia susceptibility, particularly in Asian populations; the rs8027411 G allele and rs8033417 locus variants are protective against myopia development 5 6 7. These findings establish RASGRF1 as both a developmental/physiological regulator and a therapeutic target in multiple human cancers and ocular diseases.