RB1CC1 (RB1 inducible coiled-coil 1) is a multifunctional scaffolding protein that plays a central role in macroautophagy and selective autophagy pathways. RB1CC1 directly interacts with ATG16L1 to regulate both early and late events of autophagosome formation 1, serving as a core component of the ULK1/Atg1 kinase complex 2. The protein is essential for xenophagy, including autophagic clearance of Salmonella-containing vacuoles and bacterial pathogens 3. RB1CC1 also regulates organelle-specific autophagy including mitophagy, reticulophagy, and ribophagy 4. Beyond autophagy, RB1CC1 functions as a DNA-binding transcription factor that potently induces RB1 expression and inhibits PTK2/FAK1 kinase signaling. Clinically, RB1CC1 represents a hub autophagy-related gene in type 2 diabetes mellitus; overexpression of RB1CC1 promotes pancreatic β-cell viability and insulin secretion 5. The protein is also involved in muscular differentiation, fetal hematopoiesis, and neuronal homeostasis. Post-translational modifications, particularly S-palmitoylation of ATG16L1 partners, modulate RB1CC1 function in autophagosome biogenesis 6. Through its multiple regulatory roles, RB1CC1 coordinates cellular quality control mechanisms essential for metabolic homeostasis and host defense.