RDH10 (retinol dehydrogenase 10) is a key enzyme in vitamin A metabolism that catalyzes the conversion of all-trans-retinol to all-trans-retinal using NADP as cofactor 1. The enzyme functions as a critical regulatory component in retinoic acid biosynthesis, forming part of a codependent complex with DHRS3 that maintains retinoic acid levels within physiological ranges through negative feedback mechanisms 2. RDH10 is essential for embryonic development, particularly craniofacial morphogenesis, as mutations cause fully penetrant choanal atresia in mice through perturbed retinoid signaling 3. The enzyme operates in dendritic cells as part of a PPARγ-regulated pathway alongside RALDH2 and CRABP2 to produce ATRA for immune function 1. RDH10 also exhibits 11-cis-retinol dehydrogenase activity and physically interacts with visual cycle proteins including CRALBP and RPE65, potentially contributing to retinal chr8 regeneration 4. In pathological contexts, RDH10 overexpression demonstrates antiproliferative effects in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through upregulation of RARβ/p21 pathways 5, while paradoxically promoting epithelial-mesenchymal transition in spinal cord gliomas via PI3K/AKT signaling 6. The gene produces multiple mRNA isoforms through alternative polyadenylation 7.