RNF150 (ring finger protein 150) is a ubiquitin protein ligase localized to the cytoplasm that functions in ubiquitin-dependent protein degradation 1. RNF150 acts as a hub gene in microsatellite instability-related gastric cancer, with lower expression associated with improved overall survival in MSI gastric cancer patients 2. In papillary thyroid carcinoma, RNF150 suppresses tumor proliferation by promoting ASK1 ubiquitination and inactivating the p38 signaling pathway 3. RNF150 plays an immunomodulatory role in obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction, where it mediates ELAVL1 ubiquitination in macrophages; modulation of the RNF150/ELAVL1 axis improves insulin sensitivity and reduces adipose tissue inflammation 4. Genetically, RNF150 polymorphisms are associated with disease susceptibility: the rs10007052 variant increases chr4 obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) risk in Chinese populations 5, and other RNF150 variants show COPD association in the Chinese Li minority 6. Additionally, RNF150 expression correlates with major depressive disorder in blood transcriptome studies 7. These findings establish RNF150 as a multifunctional E3 ubiquitin ligase with roles in cancer progression, metabolic homeostasis, and psychiatric/pulmonary disease pathogenesis.