RPLP1 (ribosomal protein lateral stalk subunit P1) is a 60S acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein that plays a crucial role in protein synthesis elongation 1. The protein is highly conserved across species, with nucleotide sequences showing 87-92% homology among mammals 1. Beyond its canonical ribosomal function, RPLP1 has emerged as an important regulator in pathological conditions. It is overexpressed in multiple cancer types, including lung adenocarcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and endometrial adenocarcinoma, where high expression correlates with poor prognosis 234. In these malignancies, RPLP1 promotes cell survival, proliferation, migration, and invasion 43. Additionally, RPLP1 exhibits antiviral activity against HIV-1 by disrupting C/EBPβ binding to the viral long terminal repeat, with higher expression levels observed in long-term non-progressors 5. During prolonged starvation, RPLP1 expression is transcriptionally regulated by ESRRA to mediate adaptive hepatic translation of lysosomal and autophagy proteins 6. The protein is also upregulated in endometriosis and adenomyosis, where it supports ectopic epithelial cell survival 74. These findings suggest RPLP1 functions beyond ribosomal protein synthesis, serving as a critical mediator of cellular adaptation and survival in both physiological stress and disease states.