RPS24 is a structural component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit essential for protein synthesis 1. Molecularly, RPS24 functions in ribosome biogenesis by processing pre-rRNA and enabling 40S subunit maturation, specifically required for 5' external transcribed spacer processing 2. It participates in the small subunit processome complex, where it coordinates with ribosome assembly factors and RNA processing machinery to facilitate pre-rRNA folding, modification, and targeted degradation 3. RPS24 undergoes tissue-specific alternative splicing producing multiple mRNA isoforms with distinct expression patterns 4, and cancer-associated isoform variations correlate with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and disease progression 5. Clinically, RPS24 mutations cause Diamond-Blackfan anemia, a congenital bone marrow failure syndrome affecting erythroid differentiation 2. In cancer contexts, RPS24 overexpression associates with poor prognosis in hepatocellular carcinoma through enhanced cell proliferation and immunosuppressive microenvironment formation 6. Additionally, RPS24 microexon isoforms serve as predictive biomarkers for therapeutic response in lung adenocarcinoma treated with KRAS inhibitors 7 and in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer responding to mTOR or CDK4/6 inhibition 8. Brain capillary expression of RPS24 is significantly elevated in Alzheimer's disease patients 9.