RRBP1 (ribosome-binding protein 1) functions as a ribosome receptor that mediates critical interactions between ribosomes and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes 1. Primary to its role, RRBP1 supports local protein synthesis by anchoring ribosomes to axonal ER tubules and regulating the translation of mRNAs encoding membrane proteins 1. Mechanistically, RRBP1 binds RNA directly and facilitates ER-ribosome contacts in a translation-dependent manner 2, while also promoting ER sheet-mitochondria interactions essential for metabolic adaptation 3. Beyond translation, RRBP1 maintains peroxisome biogenesis by stabilizing peroxisomal proteins during insertion into ER membranes 4. Disease relevance is demonstrated in multiple contexts: RRBP1 variants associate with blood lipid levels in genome-wide studies 5, and RRBP1 participates in flaviviral infection by binding viral RNA at distinct lifecycle stages 2. In Alzheimer's disease, RRBP1 inhibition reduces microglial inflammation and neuronal loss through ERK pathway modulation 6. Additionally, RRBP1 contributes to chemotherapy resistance in colorectal cancer by regulating ER stress through GRP78 mRNA stability 7. Clinically, RRBP1-dependent ER remodeling is required for hepatic metabolic flexibility during fasting and is dysregulated in obesity 3, positioning RRBP1 as a multifunctional organellar coordinator with broad implications for neurological, metabolic, and oncological diseases.