S100A7A is a calcium-binding protein primarily expressed in epidermal keratinocytes with multifaceted roles in inflammation and tissue injury. As a member of the S100 family, S100A7A binds calcium and interacts with proteins including β-catenin and RAGE 1. In renal pathology, S100A7A expression is upregulated in chr1 kidney disease and renal fibrosis, where it impairs fatty acid oxidation through β-catenin stabilization and activates the RAGE-p-ERK-NOX2 pathway, promoting lipid peroxidation and fibrosis progression 1. During cisplatin nephrotoxicity, STAT3-mediated S100A7A upregulation promotes macrophage infiltration via RAGE activation, amplifying renal inflammation 2. In dermatological conditions, S100A7A is upregulated in acne vulgaris and rosacea; isotretinoin therapy significantly reduces serum S100A7A levels in acne patients 3, while S100A7A upregulation contributes to rosacea pathogenesis 4. In acute myeloid leukemia, circRNA-mediated S100A7A upregulation enhances cell viability and inhibits apoptosis 5. The gene has undergone recent tandem duplications in primates, with at least five copies identified in humans, potentially creating dose-dependent effects on inflammation and skin development 67.