SLC13A1 encodes NaS1, a sodium-dependent sulfate cotransporter that plays a critical role in sulfate homeostasis by mediating sulfate reabsorption across renal proximal tubule and small intestinal epithelia 12. The protein consists of 595 amino acids with 13 putative transmembrane domains and functions as an electrogenic symporter with a 3:1 Na+:sulfate coupling ratio 3. Recent cryo-electron microscopy structures have revealed the detailed molecular mechanism of the Na+-sulfate cotransport cycle and substrate recognition 4. Beyond sulfate, NaS1 can also transport selenate and thiosulfate, with activity inhibited by molybdate, tungstate, citrate, and succinate 12. The transporter is primarily expressed in kidney and intestine, with expression regulated by sulfate availability, hormones, and metabolic conditions 2. Disruption of murine SLC13A1 leads to hyposulfatemia, hypersulfaturia, and multiple pathophysiological changes affecting metabolism, growth, and organ function 25. In humans, rare damaging variants in SLC13A1 exhibit graded effects on plasma sulfate levels and are associated with musculoskeletal traits, highlighting its clinical significance in sulfate-dependent physiological processes 6.