SLC25A23 is a mitochondrial inner membrane antiporter that mediates electroneutral transport of adenine nucleotides (ATP, ADP) and inorganic phosphate, thereby regulating the mitochondrial matrix adenine nucleotide pool to adapt to cellular energetic demands 1. The protein contains three N-terminal EF-hand calcium-binding domains characteristic of calcium-dependent mitochondrial solute carriers 2, enabling its secondary function as a regulator of mitochondrial calcium uptake 3. SLC25A23 augments mitochondrial Ca²⁺ influx by interacting with the mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) complex and its regulatory components MICU1 3, 4, and facilitates transport of divalent metal cations complexed with ATP 5. Functionally, SLC25A23 knockdown impairs oxidative phosphorylation and disrupts calcium homeostasis, triggering oxidative stress and cell death pathways 6. The protein attenuates antiviral immunity by interfering with MAVS aggregation and subsequent type I interferon production 7. Clinically, SLC25A23 dysregulation is associated with cancer progression, particularly in brain metastases from lung adenocarcinoma 8 and clear-cell renal cell carcinoma 9, making it a potential therapeutic target for senescent cancer cell elimination and immunotherapy enhancement.