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9 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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SPINDOC
spindlin interactor and repressor of chromatin binding
Chromosome 11 · 11q13.1
NCBI Gene: 144097Ensembl: ENSG00000168005.10HGNC: HGNC:25115UniProt: Q9BUA3
52PubMed Papers
19Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Transcription Factor
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingDNA damage responseregulation of protein ADP-ribosylationnegative regulation of DNA-templated transcriptionhepatocellular carcinomacancerneoplasmliver cancer
✦AI Summary

SPINDOC (spindlin interactor and repressor of chr11 binding) is a chr11-associated protein with dual regulatory functions in transcription and DNA damage response. As a stabilizer of SPIN1, SPINDOC interacts with the histone reader protein and modulates its chr11 binding capacity 1. SPINDOC contains multiple motifs that engage SPIN1's Tudor domains, with a hydrophobic motif serving as the primary binding interface while K/R-rich regions competitively inhibit SPIN1 binding to histone methylation marks and transcription factors, thereby attenuating SPIN1's transcriptional co-activator activity and promoting genomic relocation of SPIN1 2. Beyond its SPIN1-regulatory role, SPINDOC forms a mutually exclusive complex with PARP1 and facilitates PARP1-mediated poly-ADP-ribosylation in response to DNA damage 3. SPINDOC knockout mice display hypersensitivity to ionizing radiation and reduced PARylation levels, demonstrating its critical role in DNA damage response independent of SPIN1 3. Clinically, SPINDOC is significantly upregulated in multiple malignancies including hepatocellular carcinoma, where elevated expression correlates with poor prognosis and activates the oncogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway 4. These findings identify SPINDOC as a therapeutic target in cancer management and a key regulator integrating transcriptional and DNA repair pathways.

Sources cited
1
SPINDOC structure and interaction with SPIN1; two SPINDOC molecules dock on one SPIN1 molecule and interact with SPIN1 interface that binds methylated histone H3
PMID: 33257578
2
SPINDOC forms mutually exclusive complexes with SPIN1 and PARP1; facilitates PARylation and DNA damage response; SPINDOC knockout mice are hypersensitive to IR-induced DNA damage
PMID: 34737271
3
SPINDOC multivalent engagement with SPIN1 through hydrophobic motif and K/R-rich regions; attenuates SPIN1 transcriptional activity and modulates target selectivity
PMID: 37977297
4
SPINDOC is highly expressed in pan-cancer and HCC; expression correlates with poor prognosis; activates Wnt/β-catenin pathway; promotes HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion
PMID: 35611367
5
SPINDOC directly binds SPIN1, disrupts its histone methylation reading ability, and represses SPIN1-regulated genes in Wnt signaling pathway
PMID: 29061846
Disease Associationsⓘ19
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
liver cancerOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
pheochromocytoma-paragangliomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
metastatic melanomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
adrenocortical carcinoma, hereditaryOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
cervical cancerOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
esophageal cancerOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
gastric cancerOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
Hereditary breast cancerOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
hereditary breast carcinomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
ovarian serous cystadenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
sarcomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
thyroid cancer, nonmedullary, 1Open Targets
0.00Suggestive
urinary bladder cancerOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
urinary bladder carcinomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
uterine corpus endometrial carcinomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
IGHMBP2Shared pathway100%ZNF432Shared pathway100%SUSD6Shared pathway100%ZBTB4Shared pathway100%DCPH1Shared pathway100%FLYWCH1Shared pathway100%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Ovary
100%
Lung
97%
Brain
97%
Heart
76%
Bone Marrow
60%
Liver
32%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
SPINDOCIGHMBP2ZNF432SUSD6ZBTB4DCPH1FLYWCH1
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB7CNA · 1.60 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.82LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.54 [0.37–0.82]
RankingsWhere SPINDOC stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #8,613of 20,598
    Most Researched52
  • #6,997of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.82
Genes detectedSPINDOC
Sources retrieved9 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
9▼
1
Driving integrative structural modeling with serial capture affinity purification.
PMID: 33257578
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2020
1.00
2
SPINDOC binds PARP1 to facilitate PARylation.
PMID: 34737271
Nat Commun · 2021
0.89
3
An integrated structural model of the DNA damage-responsive H3K4me3 binding WDR76:SPIN1 complex with the nucleosome.
PMID: 39116123
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A · 2024
0.78
4
PMID: 35611367
Onco Targets Ther · 2022
0.67
5
Molecular Basis for SPINDOC-Spindlin1 Engagement and Its Role in Transcriptional Attenuation.
PMID: 37977297
J Mol Biol · 2024
0.56