SSTR4 is a G protein-coupled receptor that mediates the diverse biological effects of somatostatin-14 1. The receptor displays weak selectivity for somatostatin binding and belongs to a structural subclass distinct from other somatostatin receptors 1. Functionally, SSTR4 is coupled to multiple signaling pathways: it inhibits adenylyl cyclase via pertussis toxin-sensitive GTP-binding proteins and additionally couples to phospholipase A2 and mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase activation 1. These signaling mechanisms enable SSTR4 to mediate somatostatin's antiproliferative effects in tumor cells. Clinically, SSTR4 dysregulation has been implicated in alcohol dependence, where hypomethylation of the SSTR4 promoter in peripheral blood correlates with increased alcohol dependence severity and persistence in Han Chinese males 2. Recent evidence suggests SSTR4 activation may contribute to sevoflurane-induced developmental neurotoxicity through adenylate cyclase inhibition, reducing cAMP levels and impairing synaptic plasticity markers essential for normal brain development 3. These findings identify SSTR4 as a potential therapeutic target for both alcohol-use disorders and anesthetic neurotoxicity, though translational validation remains needed.