Stanniocalcin 1 (STC1) is a secreted protein that regulates calcium and phosphate homeostasis, with emerging roles in inflammation and cancer progression. The protein stimulates renal phosphate reabsorption and suppresses calcium ion transport, functions mediated partly through binding to the IGF2R/MPRI receptor 1. Beyond mineral homeostasis, STC1 participates in multiple disease contexts. In ovarian cancer, STC1 promotes metastasis, lipid metabolism, and cisplatin chemoresistance via the FOXC2/ITGB6 signaling axis 2, suggesting potential utility as a prognostic indicator in metastatic disease. STC1 functions as a phagocytosis checkpoint in colorectal cancer by blocking the "eat-me" signal calreticulin, reducing immune infiltration and promoting evasion of PD-1 inhibitors 3. In inflammatory conditions, STC1 mediates oxidative stress-associated cell death and aggravates colitis pathogenesis through PARP1-JNK interactions 4. Conversely, in asthma, reduced serum STC1 correlates with airway hyperresponsiveness; exogenous STC1 suppresses calcium entry and airway smooth muscle contraction 5. At the population level, genome-wide association studies implicate STC1 in heritable kidney function variation through regulation of tubule epithelial gene expression 6. STC1 also appears in senescence-associated secretory profiles and correlates with aging markers in plasma 7, positioning it as a candidate biomarker for cellular senescence burden.