HomeAboutRankingsData Sources
© 2026 GeneE
🧬
GeneE
10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
ⓘGeneE is for informational purposes only. It is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
SULT2A1
sulfotransferase family 2A member 1
Chromosome 19 · 19q13.33
NCBI Gene: 6822Ensembl: ENSG00000105398.5HGNC: HGNC:11458UniProt: A8K015
94PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
sulfationalcohol sulfotransferase activityprotein bindingsulfotransferase activitycholelithiasisgallstonesIntrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancyCholecystitis
✦AI Summary

SULT2A1 (sulfotransferase family 2A member 1) is a Phase II conjugating enzyme that catalyzes the sulfonation of steroids, bile acids, and xenobiotics using 3'-phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) as the sulfate donor 1. The enzyme mediates sulfation of hydroxysteroids including DHEA, testosterone, pregnenolone, and bile acids, with bile acid 3-sulfation being catalyzed exclusively by SULT2A1 12. Sulfonation generally increases water solubility and renal excretion, though can occasionally result in bioactivation of xenobiotics 3. SULT2A1 expression is transcriptionally regulated by multiple nuclear receptors including vitamin D receptor, farnesoid X receptor, pregnane X receptor, and retinoid-related orphan receptors 12. The enzyme requires direct physical interaction with PAPSS2 for efficient DHEA sulfation, explaining why PAPSS2 mutations manifest with undetectable DHEA sulfate and androgen excess 4. Clinically, SULT2A1 polymorphisms influence nevirapine metabolism and associated adverse reactions 3, while SULT2A1 deficiency in hepatocellular carcinoma promotes stemness and chemotherapy resistance through AKT pathway activation 5. Reduced SULT2A1 expression in liver diseases including steatohepatitis, fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma correlates with impaired ROR expression 2.

Sources cited
1
SULT2A1 catalyzes sulfonation of hydroxysteroids and bile acids; expression regulated by VDR and other nuclear receptors
PMID: 16399349
2
SULT2A1 regulated by RORα and RORγ; expression impaired in liver diseases including steatosis, fibrosis, and HCC
PMID: 23211525
3
SULT2A1 sulfates 12-OH-NVP; genetic polymorphisms affect sulfating activity and nevirapine-induced adverse reactions
PMID: 36084709
4
SULT2A1 requires direct protein-protein interaction with PAPSS2 for efficient DHEA sulfation
PMID: 29743239
5
SULT2A1 deficiency in HCC promotes stemness and chemotherapy resistance via AKT pathway activation
PMID: 38411862
6
SULT2A1 polymorphisms influence DHEA-S levels in neurological contexts
PMID: 28367959
7
SULT2A1 participates in metabolism of vonoprazan and other xenobiotics
PMID: 26369775
8
Genetically predicted SULT2A1 levels associated with cholelithiasis risk, mediating T2D-GI disease association
PMID: 39592890
Disease Associationsⓘ20
cholelithiasisOpen Targets
0.56Moderate
gallstonesOpen Targets
0.50Moderate
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancyOpen Targets
0.48Moderate
CholecystitisOpen Targets
0.48Moderate
vitamin D deficiencyOpen Targets
0.36Weak
gallbladder diseaseOpen Targets
0.35Weak
cholestasis, intrahepatic, of pregnancy 3Open Targets
0.35Weak
liver diseaseOpen Targets
0.34Weak
COVID-19Open Targets
0.33Weak
breast diseaseOpen Targets
0.26Weak
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.12Weak
colorectal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.11Weak
rheumatoid arthritisOpen Targets
0.10Suggestive
vitamin deficiency disorderOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
gliomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
asthmaOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
periodontitisOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
allergic rhinitisOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
CYP2B6Protein interaction96%CYP1A1Protein interaction94%CYP1B1Protein interaction93%HRCProtein interaction82%CYP11A1Protein interaction81%UGT1A8Protein interaction80%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Brain
0%
Ovary
0%
Lung
0%
Heart
0%
Bone Marrow
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
SULT2A1CYP2B6CYP1A1CYP1B1HRCCYP11A1UGT1A8
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB1J99 · 1.99 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.61LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.23 [0.95–1.61]
RankingsWhere SULT2A1 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #5,111of 20,598
    Most Researched94 · top quartile
  • #15,722of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.61
Genes detectedSULT2A1
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
The First-in-Class Potassium-Competitive Acid Blocker, Vonoprazan Fumarate: Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Considerations.
PMID: 26369775
Clin Pharmacokinet · 2016
1.00
2
Polymorphisms of STS gene and SULT2A1 gene and neurosteroid levels in Han Chinese boys with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an exploratory investigation.
PMID: 28367959
Sci Rep · 2017
0.90
3
Sulfation of 12-hydroxy-nevirapine by human SULTs and the effects of genetic polymorphisms of SULT1A1 and SULT2A1.
PMID: 36084709
Biochem Pharmacol · 2022
0.80
4
Network Mendelian randomisation analysis deciphers protein pathways linking type 2 diabetes and gastrointestinal disease.
PMID: 39592890
Diabetes Obes Metab · 2025
0.70
5
Vitamin D receptor regulation of the steroid/bile acid sulfotransferase SULT2A1.
PMID: 16399349
Methods Enzymol · 2005
0.60