TAX1BP1 is a multifunctional ubiquitin-binding adapter protein that integrates inflammatory signaling suppression with selective autophagy 1. As a negative regulator of innate immunity, TAX1BP1 recruits the deubiquitinating enzyme A20/TNFAIP3 to inhibit NF-κB and IRF3 signaling by targeting substrates TRAF6 and RIPK1, thereby suppressing IL-1 and TNF-induced inflammatory responses 2. TAX1BP1 additionally attenuates interferon-beta production by disrupting interactions between TRAF3 and TBK1/IKBKE 3, and inhibits virus-induced apoptosis by recruiting E3 ligase ITCH to promote MAVS degradation 4. As a selective autophagy receptor, TAX1BP1 facilitates xenophagic clearance of pathogenic bacteria including Salmonella typhimurium and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and targets innate immune signaling adapters TICAM1 and MAVS for autophagic degradation 1. TAX1BP1 acts as a major recruiter of RB1CC1 to ubiquitin condensates to promote their autophagic clearance 56. Upon necroptotic stress, TAX1BP1 recruits PARP5A and RNF146 condensates that poly-ADP-ribosylate RIPK1, restraining necroptosis 7. These dual functions position TAX1BP1 as a critical checkpoint controlling both inflammatory signaling and host defense through coordinated immune regulation and selective autophagy.