TMEM11 is a transmembrane protein localized to the mitochondrial inner membrane that regulates mitochondrial morphology and quality control. Primary Function: TMEM11 functions as a spatial regulator of mitochondrial dynamics by controlling crista biogenesis and overall mitochondrial network architecture 12. Mechanism: TMEM11 operates through a pathway independent of canonical DRP1/MFN fission-fusion machinery to regulate mitochondrial morphogenesis 1. At the molecular level, TMEM11 forms a complex with BNIP3 and BNIP3L and spatially restricts the formation of mitophagosomes, thereby limiting receptor-mediated mitophagy during both normoxic and hypoxic conditions 3. TMEM11 suppresses BNIP3-mediated mitophagy and apoptosis, maintaining mitochondrial integrity and function 4. Loss of TMEM11 results in elongated cristae and impaired respiratory chain activity, while overexpression reduces crista length and mitochondrial diameter 2. Disease Relevance: TMEM11 dysregulation promotes cisplatin resistance in bladder cancer by stabilizing mitochondrial function under chemotherapy stress 4. TMEM11 knockdown sensitizes tumors to cisplatin treatment, and curcumin was identified as a TMEM11 inhibitor capable of restoring chemotherapy sensitivity 4. Clinical Significance: TMEM11 represents a therapeutic target for overcoming drug resistance in cancer, and genetic perturbations in TMEM11 demonstrate its importance for proper mitochondrial dynamics relevant to neurodegenerative disease pathogenesis 5.