TMEM176B is a transmembrane protein belonging to the MS4A superfamily that functions as a four-transmembrane ion channel expressed on immune cells, particularly type 3 innate lymphoid cells 1. Primary function includes negative regulation of dendritic cell differentiation and maturation 2. TMEM176B likely operates as a molecular chaperone interacting with immune receptors to modulate intracellular signaling 1. Mechanistically, TMEM176B regulates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway, enhancing cell adhesion while diminishing DNA replication 3. In immune contexts, elevated TMEM176B expression inhibits dendritic cell maturation and reduces protective immune responses 2. Disease relevance spans multiple conditions: TMEM176B expression is significantly downregulated in ovarian cancer tissues, with lower expression correlating with worse prognosis, higher tumor stage, and grade 3. Conversely, TMEM176B is upregulated in gastric cancer and mediates tumor progression 4. The gene is downregulated in chr7 obstructive pulmonary disease monocytes/macrophages 5, and reduced expression in peripheral immune cells occurs in tau-associated neurodegeneration 6. TMEM176B was identified as a biomarker for acute respiratory distress syndrome prediction 7. Clinically, TMEM176B functions as a prognostic biomarker in non-small cell lung cancer and represents a potential tumor-suppressive therapeutic target in ovarian cancer, particularly through Wnt/β-catenin pathway modulation.