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25 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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TNFSF15
TNF superfamily member 15
Chromosome 9 · 9q32
NCBI Gene: 9966Ensembl: ENSG00000181634.8HGNC: HGNC:11931UniProt: A0A0U5JA19
182PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
RESEARCH IMPACT
Trending
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
activation of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase activityprotein bindingplasma membranecell surface receptor signaling pathwayleprosyinflammatory bowel diseaseCrohn's diseaseulcerative colitis
✦AI Summary

TNFSF15 (TNF-like cytokine 1A/TL1A) is a TNF superfamily member that functions as a potent immunoregulatory cytokine with central roles in intestinal and systemic inflammation. The protein acts as a ligand for death receptor 3 (DR3) and decoy receptor 3 (DcR3), competitively binding to these receptors to mediate NF-κB activation and promote apoptosis 1. TNFSF15 is expressed by diverse immune cells (monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, T cells) and non-immune cells (synovial fibroblasts, endothelial cells), where it serves as a potent costimulator of effector immune responses and regulates T-cell proliferation, activation, cytokine, and chemokine production 12. Dysregulation of TNFSF15 is implicated in multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), as well as rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and ankylosing spondylitis 1. Genetic studies identify TNFSF15 as an IBD susceptibility locus with ancestry-dependent effects, showing differential effect sizes across European and East Asian populations 34. Clinically, anti-TL1A monoclonal antibodies (tulisokibart, TEV-48574) demonstrate therapeutic efficacy in Phase 2 trials for ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, reducing inflammation and fibrosis while preserving baseline immunity 567.

Sources cited
1
TNFSF15/TL1A expression patterns, receptor binding, and role in regulating proliferation, activation, apoptosis, and cytokine production
PMID: 35911746
2
TL1A:DR3 signaling in IBD pathogenesis, immune response regulation, and involvement in fibrogenesis
PMID: 39266053
3
TNFSF15 as IBD susceptibility locus with ancestry-dependent genetic effects
PMID: 26192919
4
TNFSF15 genetic architecture and ancestry-dependent effect sizes across European and East Asian populations
PMID: 37156999
5
Phase 2 clinical trial efficacy of anti-TL1A antibody (tulisokibart) in ulcerative colitis
PMID: 39321363
6
Therapeutic targeting of TL1A in IBD with anti-TL1A antibodies showing antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects
PMID: 38574740
7
Anti-TL1A antibody mechanism, efficacy in animal models of colitis and asthma, and effects on fibrosis
PMID: 29436901
Disease Associationsⓘ20
leprosyOpen Targets
0.56Moderate
inflammatory bowel diseaseOpen Targets
0.54Moderate
Crohn's diseaseOpen Targets
0.54Moderate
ulcerative colitisOpen Targets
0.52Moderate
primary biliary cirrhosisOpen Targets
0.48Moderate
psoriasisOpen Targets
0.46Moderate
nephrotic syndromeOpen Targets
0.44Moderate
ankylosing spondylitisOpen Targets
0.41Moderate
Oral ulcerOpen Targets
0.39Weak
asthmaOpen Targets
0.39Weak
autoimmune diseaseOpen Targets
0.39Weak
common variable immunodeficiencyOpen Targets
0.34Weak
systemic lupus erythematosusOpen Targets
0.34Weak
sclerosing cholangitisOpen Targets
0.33Weak
type 1 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.33Weak
celiac diseaseOpen Targets
0.33Weak
juvenile idiopathic arthritisOpen Targets
0.33Weak
autoimmune thyroid diseaseOpen Targets
0.33Weak
biliary liver cirrhosisOpen Targets
0.32Weak
alcohol drinkingOpen Targets
0.24Weak
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
NOD2Protein interaction77%TNFRSF21Protein interaction76%TNFSF18Protein interaction76%TNFRSF14Protein interaction73%TNFRSF6BProtein interaction73%LACC1Protein interaction73%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Lung
100%
Bone Marrow
16%
Liver
13%
Ovary
7%
Heart
6%
Brain
5%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
TNFSF15NOD2TNFRSF21TNFSF18TNFRSF14TNFRSF6BLACC1
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB2RJL · 2.05 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.98LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.64 [0.43–0.98]
RankingsWhere TNFSF15 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #2,388of 20,598
    Most Researched182 · top quartile
  • #9,429of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.98
Genes detectedTNFSF15
Sources retrieved25 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
25▼
1
Targeting TL1A and DR3: the new frontier of anti-cytokine therapy in IBD.
PMID: 39266053
Gut · 2025
1.00
2
Role of TL1A in Inflammatory Autoimmune Diseases: A Comprehensive Review.
PMID: 35911746
Front Immunol · 2022
0.90
3
TL1A inhibition for inflammatory bowel disease treatment: From inflammation to fibrosis.
PMID: 38574740
Med · 2024
0.80
4
TL1A, a novel alarmin in airway, intestinal, and autoimmune disorders.
PMID: 40010414
J Allergy Clin Immunol · 2025
0.72
5
Association analyses identify 38 susceptibility loci for inflammatory bowel disease and highlight shared genetic risk across populations.
PMID: 26192919
Nat Genet · 2015
0.70