TRPS1 (transcriptional repressor GATA binding 1) is a GATA-type zinc finger transcription factor that functions as a transcriptional repressor binding specifically to GATA sequences 1. In skeletal development, TRPS1 regulates chondrocyte proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis through interaction with multiple signaling molecules including BMP7 1. Beyond skeletal tissues, TRPS1 plays critical roles in renal development and fibrosis prevention by suppressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and decreasing Arkadia expression, and influences hair follicle development through expression in dermal papillae 1. Loss-of-function mutations in TRPS1 cause Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome types I, II, and III, autosomal dominant skeletal disorders characterized by abnormal bone, hair, and facial development, with supernumerary teeth observed in some cases 2. Notably, TRPS1 expression is repressed by androgens in prostate tissue; loss of TRPS1 expression in androgen-independent prostate cancer cells may prevent apoptosis induction after androgen withdrawal 3. Clinically, TRPS1 serves as a highly sensitive and specific diagnostic marker for breast carcinoma, particularly triple-negative breast cancer (86% sensitivity), superior to GATA3 in metaplastic carcinomas 45. Additionally, TRPS1 mutations (R544Q) are enriched in colon cancer liver metastases and promote invasion and migration through the TRPS1/ZEB1 axis, correlating with advanced disease and poor prognosis 6. TRPS1 has also been identified as a master regulator essential for tumor-infiltrating regulatory T cell recruitment and retention in cancer 7.