TSPAN11 is a tetraspanin family transmembrane protein involved in multiple biological processes. At the cellular level, TSPAN11 facilitates focal adhesion assembly to regulate osteoblast alignment and guide bone matrix formation orthogonally to cell orientation [UniProt Function]. In periodontal tissue, TSPAN11 functions as a key regulator of inflammatory responses in gingival fibroblasts; downregulation of TSPAN11 promotes fibroblast proliferation and migration while significantly inhibiting the release of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, suggesting its role in suppressing pro-inflammatory fibroblast activity 1. Beyond inflammation, TSPAN11 has prognostic significance in multiple malignancies. It was identified as one of five core tetraspanin-related genes in a risk signature predicting lung adenocarcinoma prognosis and immune infiltration 2, and as part of prognostic signatures in colorectal cancer lymphangiogenesis 3 and hepatocellular carcinoma 4. In breast cancer, TSPAN11 expression is gradually downregulated from grade I to grade III tumors and is associated with recurrence-free survival 5. Additionally, TSPAN11 has been identified as a candidate gene for Kallmann syndrome through genomic deletion analysis 67. These diverse roles suggest TSPAN11 functions in cell adhesion, inflammatory regulation, and tumor progression across multiple tissue contexts.