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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 15 days ago
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TTYH2
tweety family member 2
Chromosome 17 · 17q25.1
NCBI Gene: 94015Ensembl: ENSG00000141540.11HGNC: HGNC:13877UniProt: B4DKD1
23PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Ion ChannelTransporter
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingvolume-sensitive anion channel activityplasma membranechloride channel activityankle fracturefoot fracturepoisoningSubdural hemorrhage
✦AI Summary

TTYH2 (tweety family member 2) is a transmembrane protein with multiple cellular functions extending beyond its initial characterization as an anion channel. Structurally, TTYH2 contains five transmembrane domains with an extended extracellular region 1. Recent cryo-EM structures reveal that TTYH2 adopts a previously unobserved fold and forms Ca2+-dependent homomeric cis-dimers or trans-dimers bridged by extracellularly coordinated calcium, though it lacks ion-conducting pathways 2. A primary function of TTYH2 involves facilitating endosomal lipid transfer. TTYH2 interacts with apolipoprotein E (APOE) in endosomal compartments and accelerates lipid transfer from APOE-containing lipoproteins, with particular relevance in the brain where APOE mediates lipid transfer between astrocytes and neurons 3. Additionally, TTYH2 serves as a glycan-dependent binding partner for SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on myeloid cells, promoting proinflammatory responses correlated with COVID-19 severity 4. Clinically, TTYH2 expression is significantly upregulated in multiple cancers. It is elevated in renal cell carcinoma, colon carcinoma, and osteosarcoma, where TTYH2 silencing reduces cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration 156. TTYH2 expression also serves as a transcriptional biomarker for severe COVID-19, with predictive accuracy of ~88% for disease severity classification 7.

Sources cited
1
TTYH2 interacts with APOE in endosomal compartments and facilitates lipid transfer from lipoprotein particles
PMID: 40562935
2
TTYH2 is a five-transmembrane protein located at 17q24, upregulated in renal cell carcinoma, highly expressed in brain and testis
PMID: 11597145
3
TTYH2 is a glycan-dependent binding partner of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein on myeloid cells and promotes proinflammatory responses
PMID: 34048708
4
TTYH2 is upregulated in colon cancer; siRNA-mediated knockdown inhibits cancer cell proliferation and metastatic potential
PMID: 17569141
5
TTYH2 upregulation is critical for osteosarcoma cell invasion and migration; TTYH2 silencing reduces these processes
PMID: 31230749
6
TTYH2 serves as a transcriptional biomarker for severe COVID-19 with ~88% classification accuracy
PMID: 36785619
7
TTYH2 structures reveal Ca2+-dependent homomeric and trans-dimers but lack ion-conducting pathways; function may involve quaternary structure changes and hydrophobic molecule interactions
PMID: 34824283
Disease Associationsⓘ20
ankle fractureOpen Targets
0.28Weak
foot fractureOpen Targets
0.27Weak
poisoningOpen Targets
0.27Weak
Subdural hemorrhageOpen Targets
0.17Weak
chronic intestinal vascular insufficiencyOpen Targets
0.12Weak
intestinal obstructionOpen Targets
0.12Weak
injuryOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
Abruptio PlacentaeOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
malunion fractureOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
appendicitisOpen Targets
0.07Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
jaw diseaseOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
colon carcinomaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
risk-taking behaviourOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
osteosarcomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
renal cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
meningococcal infectionOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
COVID-19Open Targets
0.01Suggestive
SepsisOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
viral diseaseOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
CLIC6Shared pathway50%TTYH3Shared pathway50%BEST3Shared pathway50%PRAF2Shared pathway50%CLCC1Shared pathway33%TTYH1Shared pathway33%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Brain
100%
Heart
33%
Ovary
30%
Bone Marrow
12%
Lung
8%
Liver
2%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
TTYH2CLIC6TTYH3BEST3PRAF2CLCC1TTYH1
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB9G71 · 2.74 Å · EM
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
0.90LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.71 [0.56–0.90]
RankingsWhere TTYH2 stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #13,561of 20,598
    Most Researched23
  • #8,097of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)0.90
Genes detectedTTYH2
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Interactions between TTYH2 and APOE facilitate endosomal lipid transfer.
PMID: 40562935
Nature · 2025
1.00
2
TTYH2, a human homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster gene tweety, is located on 17q24 and upregulated in renal cell carcinoma.
PMID: 11597145
Genomics · 2001
0.90
3
SARS-CoV-2 exacerbates proinflammatory responses in myeloid cells through C-type lectin receptors and Tweety family member 2.
PMID: 34048708
Immunity · 2021
0.80
4
TTYH2, a human homologue of the Drosophila melanogaster gene tweety, is up-regulated in colon carcinoma and involved in cell proliferation and cell aggregation.
PMID: 17569141
World J Gastroenterol · 2007
0.70
5
Upregulated TTYH2 expression is critical for the invasion and migration of U2OS human osteosarcoma cell lines.
PMID: 31230749
Biochem Biophys Res Commun · 2019
0.60