TUFT1 (tuftelin 1) is a multifunctional protein with roles spanning dental development, cellular homeostasis, and cancer biology. Primarily, TUFT1 is involved in enamel mineralization and structural organization 1, contributing to odontogenesis through protein-protein interactions with other mineralization-related factors 1. Beyond dental tissues, TUFT1 functions as a centrosomal protein localized to proximal centriole ends, where it suppresses centrosome amplification and mitotic spindle multipolarity by inhibiting polo-like kinase 1 activation 2. In the cardiovascular system, TUFT1 acts as a critical downstream target of transcription factor SP1, with TUFT1 overexpression rescuing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy phenotypes in both mice and human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes 3. Pathologically, TUFT1 is upregulated in multiple cancers and promotes tumor progression. In breast cancer, increased TUFT1 correlates with poor prognosis and enhanced cell proliferation through MAPK signaling modulation 4. In triple-negative breast cancer, TUFT1 promotes metastasis and chemoresistance via the TUFT1/Rab5/Rac1 pathway 5, while in hepatocellular carcinoma, BRD9-mediated TUFT1 activation drives proliferation and invasion through AKT signaling 6. Deleterious missense variants in TUFT1 destabilize protein structure and may increase disease risk 1. These findings establish TUFT1 as both a therapeutic target and diagnostic biomarker across multiple disease contexts.