TUG1 (taurine up-regulated 1) is a long non-coding RNA located on chromosome 22 that regulates diverse cellular processes through multiple molecular mechanisms. In normal physiology, TUG1 functions in intestinal homeostasis by regulating gut microbiota-mediated taurine metabolism, which controls miR194 expression and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) signaling 1. At the molecular level, TUG1 acts as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), functioning as a miRNA sponge to sequester miR-188-3p and miR-141/miR-340, thereby regulating target gene expression 2 3. TUG1 also resolves R-loop accumulation at microsatellite loci during DNA replication stress through interactions with RPA and DHX9 proteins 4. In disease contexts, TUG1 dysregulation contributes significantly to cancer pathogenesis. TUG1 is upregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via METTL3-mediated m6A modification, promoting tumor immune evasion by increasing PD-L1 and CD47 expression 3. In benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), androgen receptor deficiency induces TUG1 expression through MYC-mediated transcription, which suppresses ferroptosis via the miR-188-3p/GPX4 pathway, promoting pathological proliferation 2. TUG1 also exhibits aberrant expression in alcohol-associated liver disease and shows potential therapeutic relevance in kidney diseases and COVID-19 1 5 6. These findings position TUG1 as both a valuable biomarker and promising therapeutic target across multiple diseases.