TXNDC17 (thioredoxin domain containing 17), also known as TRP14, is a highly conserved oxidoreductase with multiple cellular roles. Functionally, TXNDC17 serves as the rate-limiting enzyme for intracellular cystine reduction, enabling cysteine availability for protein and glutathione synthesis 1. The protein can reduce cysteinyl moieties on proteins, rescuing their activities including cysteinylated peroxiredoxin 2 1, and modulates redox signaling by reducing persulfidated or nitrosylated cysteine residues 2. TXNDC17 also suppresses NF-κB signaling and can reactivate oxidized protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B 2. Clinically, TXNDC17 has emerged as a significant factor in chemotherapy resistance and cancer progression. In ovarian cancer, high TXNDC17 expression correlates with paclitaxel resistance through BECN1-mediated autophagy, associating with poorer prognostic outcomes 3. Similar mechanisms drive chemoresistance in neuroblastomas, where TXNDC17-regulated autophagy confers resistance to cisplatin, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide 4. TXNDC17 overexpression in uterine papillary serous carcinoma predicts poor survival and correlates with advanced disease 5. Additionally, TXNDC17 dysregulation appears relevant to colorectal cancer development and represents a potential early diagnostic biomarker 6. Emerging evidence suggests TXNDC17 involvement in age-related hearing loss etiology 7.