TYRP1 encodes tyrosinase-related protein 1, which serves a crucial role in melanin biosynthesis within melanocytes 1. The protein functions as an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-2-carboxylic acid (DHICA) to indole-5,6-quinone-2-carboxylic acid in the presence of copper ions, contributing specifically to eumelanin synthesis 2. Beyond its enzymatic function, TYRP1 helps maintain tyrosinase protein stability, modulates its catalytic activity, and is involved in melanosome ultrastructure maintenance 2. The protein also affects melanocyte proliferation and cell death processes 2. Disease-wise, TYRP1 mutations cause oculocutaneous albinism type 3 (OCA3), characterized by reduced pigmentation in hair, skin, and eyes, along with characteristic ocular abnormalities including nystagmus, photophobia, and reduced visual acuity 3. Interestingly, TYRP1 exhibits population-specific mutation patterns, with apparent pathological TYRP1 mutations being rare in Chinese OCA patients compared to other populations 4. Additionally, TYRP1 serves as a melanoma differentiation antigen, making it a potential therapeutic target for CAR T cell therapy in melanoma treatment 5, and shows differential expression patterns in uveal melanoma cell lines 6.