UQCR10 encodes a component of mitochondrial complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase) within the electron transport chain, playing a crucial role in cellular energy metabolism through oxidative phosphorylation 12. The protein functions as part of the cytochrome b-c1 complex that catalyzes electron transfer from ubiquinol to cytochrome c while translocating protons across the mitochondrial inner membrane. UQCR10 expression is significantly altered in various pathological conditions. In sarcopenia, UQCR10 is downregulated and serves as a key biomarker, with expression levels showing continuous decline across disease progression stages 3. Similarly, UQCR10 is among the top age-downregulated genes across multiple mammalian tissues, and its knockdown extends lifespan in C. elegans, suggesting a causal role in aging processes 4. The gene shows tissue-specific dysregulation in metabolic disorders, being upregulated in visceral adipose tissue of women with PCOS 1 while being essential for osteogenic differentiation in bone mesenchymal stem cells, where its expression is compromised in osteoporosis 2. UQCR10 also appears as an autoantigen in immunorelated pancytopenia 5 and is necessary for hepatitis B viral replication 6, highlighting its diverse physiological roles beyond energy metabolism.