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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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XG
Xg glycoprotein (Xg blood group)
Chromosome X · Xp22.33
NCBI Gene: 7499Ensembl: ENSG00000124343.14HGNC: HGNC:12806UniProt: B4E289
12PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
plasma membranehomotypic cell-cell adhesionT cell extravasationpositive regulation of neutrophil extravasationprimary ovarian insufficiencycentral nervous system cancerbreast cancermicrophthalmia with limb anomalies
✦AI Summary

The XG gene encodes the Xg glycoprotein, a blood group antigen located on the X chromosome X expression controlled through a pseudoautosomal region 1. XG comprises two related antigens: Xg(a) and CD99, which demonstrate a unique phenotypic relationship rather than antithetical properties 1. The gene spans the pseudoautosomal boundary, with exons 1-3 in the pseudoautosomal region shared with the Y chromosome X exons 4-10 X-specific, resulting in X-linked inheritance patterns 1. CD99, the product of the MIC2 gene co-regulated with XG, functions as an adhesion molecule and exhibits erythroid-specific quantitative polymorphism with XG(a) expression 2. At the cellular level, CD99 is a plasma membrane protein involved in homotypic cell-cell adhesion and immune cell extravasation, including positive regulation of neutrophil and T cell extravasation 1. Clinically, anti-Xg(a) antibodies are comparatively rare and considered clinically insignificant in transfusion contexts, though one autoanti-Xg(a) case resulted in severe hemolytic anemia 1. The XG system has historically contributed significantly to genetics and X chromosome X studies. CD99 shows elevated expression in certain cancer types, suggesting potential roles in malignant transformation 1.

Sources cited
1
XG blood group system composition, chromosomal location, pseudoautosomal region organization, X-linked inheritance, CD99 properties, clinical significance of antibodies, and cancer association
PMID: 22356523
2
CD99 and Xg(a) antigen co-regulation, quantitative polymorphism, adhesion molecule function, and molecular expression levels on red blood cells
PMID: 10941840
⚠Limited data available — This gene has 2 indexed publications. Summary and analysis may be incomplete.
Disease Associationsⓘ20
primary ovarian insufficiencyOpen Targets
0.12Weak
central nervous system cancerOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
breast cancerOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
microphthalmia with limb anomaliesOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
neoplasmOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
Ewing sarcomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
autism spectrum disorderOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
rosaceaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
age-related macular degenerationOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
ependymomaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
atopic eczemaOpen Targets
0.01Suggestive
cardiovascular diseaseOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
heart failureOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
Adams-Oliver syndromeOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
cancerOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
lung adenocarcinomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
invasive breast ductal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
endometrial carcinomaOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
infectionOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
obesityOpen Targets
0.00Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
CD99Protein interaction86%ARSDProtein interaction78%ARSFProtein interaction77%ARSLProtein interaction75%MEGF11Shared pathway25%MIPShared pathway20%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Heart
77%
Bone Marrow
56%
Lung
56%
Ovary
24%
Brain
4%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
XGCD99ARSDARSFARSLMEGF11MIP
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
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AlphaFoldAI-predicted · UniProt P55808
View on AlphaFold ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.31LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF0.93 [0.68–1.31]
RankingsWhere XG stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #16,622of 20,598
    Most Researched12
  • #13,821of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.31
Genes detectedXG
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Game-Based Dual-Task Exercise Program for Children with Cerebral Palsy: Blending Balance, Visuomotor and Cognitive Training: Feasibility Randomized Control Trial.
PMID: 35161508
Sensors (Basel) · 2022
1.00
2
Dimensional and histomorphometric evaluation of biomaterials used for alveolar ridge preservation: a systematic review and network meta-analysis.
PMID: 34826029
Clin Oral Investig · 2022
0.90
3
New TIPARP inhibitor rescues mitochondrial function and brain injury in ischemic stroke.
PMID: 39547463
Pharmacol Res · 2024
0.80
4
Xyloglucan: A functional biomacromolecule for drug delivery applications.
PMID: 28648637
Int J Biol Macromol · 2017
0.70
5
XG: the forgotten blood group system.
PMID: 22356523
Immunohematology · 2011
0.60