ZNF330 (also called NOA36) is a highly evolutionarily conserved zinc finger protein with multifaceted cellular functions. Structurally, it contains nine CXXC motifs encoded across exons 3-9 and a characteristic cysteine-rich domain 1. ZNF330 localizes to the nucleolus through a conserved nucleolar localization signal in its N-terminal region, with RNA-dependent association 12. The protein transiently associates with centromeres during mitosis and can localize to mitochondria 13. Functionally, ZNF330 exhibits proapoptotic activity mediated by its cysteine-rich domain, reducing apoptotic responses when knocked down with siRNA and inducing apoptosis when overexpressed in the cytoplasm 3. Recently, it was shown to interact with heat shock proteins HSPA1 and HSPA8, and modulate cell cycle progression and proliferation recovery following heat shock stress 4. Clinically, de novo mutations in ZNF330 have been identified in patients with sacral agenesis (caudal regression syndrome), a rare congenital disorder affecting caudal development 5. This suggests ZNF330 may play a role in caudal mesoderm development. The protein's conservation across animal phyla from sponges to humans indicates fundamental biological importance, though additional research is needed to fully elucidate its roles in normal development and disease pathogenesis.