ADGRA1 (adhesion G protein-coupled receptor A1, formerly GPR123) is an orphan member of the adhesion GPCR superfamily located on chromosome 10.3 1. As an adhesion GPCR, it functions as a G protein-coupled receptor involved in cell surface signaling and is localized to the plasma membrane and postsynaptic density, suggesting roles in cell-cell interactions and synaptic function 1. Unlike most other adhesion GPCRs, ADGRA1 lacks the characteristic GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain, representing a structural distinction within the family 2. Regarding disease relevance, ADGRA1 has emerged as a significant gene in multiple pathological contexts. High ADGRA1 expression was significantly correlated with poor overall survival in breast cancer patients and correlates with immune infiltration patterns 3. In endometrial carcinoma, ADGRA1 showed close association with clinical manifestations and immune cell infiltration, positioning it as a potential immunotherapeutic target and prognostic biomarker 4. Additionally, ADGRA1 was robustly identified in genome-wide association studies as associated with prediabetes status change, with high expression in diabetes-relevant tissues 5. An antisense lncRNA (ADGRA1-AS1) functioned as a protective factor in glioma prognosis 6. Clinically, ADGRA1 represents a promising target for immunotherapy and prognostic stratification in cancer, though further functional characterization of this orphan receptor is warranted.