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10 sources retrieved · Most recent: April 2026 · Index updated 14 days ago
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AFM
afamin
Chromosome 4 · 4q13.3
NCBI Gene: 173Ensembl: ENSG00000079557.6HGNC: HGNC:316UniProt: P43652
51PubMed Papers
20Diseases
0Drugs
0Pathogenic Variants
FUNCTIONAL ROLE
Transporter
DATA QUALITY
✓ Experimental GO Evidence✓ Swiss-Prot Reviewed
protein bindingvitamin E bindingGO:0005615extracellular exosomeAbnormality of the skeletal systemprostate carcinomaadrenal gland diseasenon-alcoholic fatty liver disease
✦AI Summary

Afamin (AFM) is a serum carrier protein that functions as a transport molecule for hydrophobic substances in body fluids. Its primary role is to solubilize and maintain the activity of lipidated Wnt family members (WNT1, WNT2B, WNT3, WNT3A, WNT5A, WNT7A, WNT7B, WNT8, WNT9A, WNT9B, WNT10A, and WNT10B), which are essential signaling molecules 1. Additionally, AFM binds and transports vitamin E (α-tocopherol) in the bloodstream 23. Under physiological conditions where the conventional lipoprotein system is insufficient, AFM serves as an alternative transport mechanism for vitamin E 3. Evidence suggests AFM may facilitate vitamin E transport across the blood-brain barrier, potentially protecting neural tissue from oxidative damage 4. By stabilizing these hydrophobic cargo molecules, AFM ensures their bioavailability and biological activity throughout body fluids. The gene is located on chromosome 4 and encodes an extracellular protein involved in nutrient and signaling molecule distribution. While specific disease associations have not been detailed in the provided literature, AFM's critical roles in Wnt signaling and vitamin E homeostasis suggest potential relevance to developmental disorders and oxidative stress-related pathologies.

Sources cited
1
AFM is essential for solubility and activity of lipidated Wnt family members
PMID: 26902720
2
AFM binds vitamin E
PMID: 12463752
3
AFM transports vitamin E in body fluids and serves as alternative to lipoprotein system
PMID: 15952736
4
AFM may be involved in vitamin E transport across blood-brain barrier
PMID: 19046407
⚠Limited data available — This gene has 4 indexed publications. Summary and analysis may be incomplete.
Disease Associationsⓘ20
Abnormality of the skeletal systemOpen Targets
0.36Weak
prostate carcinomaOpen Targets
0.32Weak
adrenal gland diseaseOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
non-alcoholic fatty liver diseaseOpen Targets
0.09Suggestive
metabolic syndromeOpen Targets
0.08Suggestive
type 2 diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
clear cell renal carcinomaOpen Targets
0.06Suggestive
hepatocellular carcinomaOpen Targets
0.05Suggestive
chronic kidney diseaseOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
polycystic ovary syndromeOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
gestational diabetesOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
colorectal cancerOpen Targets
0.04Suggestive
diabetes mellitusOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
Escherichia coli InfectionsOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
endometriosisOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
ovarian cancerOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
Alzheimer diseaseOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
papillary renal cell carcinomaOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
prediabetes syndromeOpen Targets
0.03Suggestive
papillary thyroid carcinomaOpen Targets
0.02Suggestive
Pathogenic Variants
No pathogenic variants reported on ClinVar for this gene.
View on ClinVar ↗
Related Genes
HRGProtein interaction86%APCSProtein interaction77%WNT3AProtein interaction70%GCShared pathway50%ASDURFShared pathway33%PYURFShared pathway33%
Tissue Expression6 tissues
Liver
100%
Heart
0%
Brain
0%
Ovary
0%
Bone Marrow
0%
Lung
0%
Gene Interaction Network
Click a node to explore
AFMHRGAPCSWNT3AGCASDURFPYURF
PROTEIN STRUCTURE
Preparing viewer…
PDB6FAK · 1.90 Å · X-ray
View on RCSB ↗
Constraintⓘ
LOEUFⓘ
1.44LoF Tolerant
pLIⓘ
0.00Tolerant
Observed/Expected LoF1.17 [0.95–1.44]
RankingsWhere AFM stands among ~20K protein-coding genes
  • #8,638of 20,598
    Most Researched51
  • #14,779of 17,882
    Most Constrained (LOEUF)1.44
Genes detectedAFM
Sources retrieved10 papers
Response time—
📄 Sources
10▼
1
Oxidized mRNA Lipid Nanoparticles for
PMID: 39628840
Adv Funct Mater · 2024
1.00
2
B2C-AFM: Bi-Directional Co-Temporal and Cross-Spatial Attention Fusion Model for Human Action Recognition.
PMID: 37647189
IEEE Trans Image Process · 2023
0.90
3
Integrated Ca
PMID: 33544492
Biol Chem · 2020
0.80
4
Current Understanding of Human Enterovirus D68.
PMID: 31146373
Viruses · 2019
0.70
5
pH-Responsive Charge-Conversion Progelator Peptides.
PMID: 36530181
Adv Funct Mater · 2021
0.60