AMY1C encodes salivary alpha-amylase, a starch-digesting enzyme belonging to the human alpha-amylase multigene family 1. The gene is organized in a head-to-tail arrangement within variable haplotypes on chromosome 1, with a functional tissue-specific promoter derived from endogenous retroviral sequences that enables parotid gland-specific expression 2. AMY1C contains a 1-kb promoter region (-1003 to +2) sufficient for restricting gene expression to salivary acinar cells, approximately 14-fold more abundant than in ductal cells 3. AMY1C participates in carbohydrate metabolism by encoding salivary amylase alongside AMY1A and AMY1B 4. Amylase copy number variations, primarily driven by AMY1A, influence carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes, and insulin resistance 4. However, evidence regarding clinical significance is mixed: higher AMY1 copy numbers correlate with enhanced glucose absorption, lower visceral fat, and improved glucose homeostasis markers 5, yet AMY1 copy number shows no association with weight trajectories or glycemic improvements in clinical weight loss interventions 6. Genetic polymorphisms of AMY1C are population-variable with European populations showing frequencies around 0.25% 7. While associated with cardiometabolic risk factors and dental caries susceptibility, AMY1C's clinical utility as a biomarker for metabolic intervention response remains uncertain.